单片机c程序设计100例

Title: Practical Examples of C Programming for Microcontrollers

Programming microcontrollers in C offers a powerful platform for embedded systems development. Below are some practical examples showcasing various functionalities and concepts in C programming for microcontrollers.

Example 1: Blinking LED

```c

include

include

define LED_PIN PB0 // Define LED pin

int main(void) {

DDRB |= (1 << LED_PIN); // Set LED pin as output

while (1) {

PORTB ^= (1 << LED_PIN); // Toggle LED state

_delay_ms(500); // Delay for 500ms

}

return 0;

}

```

This example demonstrates the basic "Hello World" program for microcontrollers by blinking an LED connected to pin PB0.

Example 2: Reading Analog Sensor

```c

include

include

define SENSOR_PIN PC0 // Define sensor pin

void ADC_init() {

// Set reference voltage and enable ADC

ADMUX |= (1 << REFS0);

ADCSRA |= (1 << ADEN);

}

uint16_t ADC_read(uint8_t channel) {

ADMUX = (ADMUX & 0xF0) | (channel & 0x0F); // Select ADC channel

ADCSRA |= (1 << ADSC); // Start conversion

while (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC)); // Wait for conversion to complete

return ADC;

}

int main(void) {

uint16_t sensorValue;

ADC_init();

while (1) {

sensorValue = ADC_read(SENSOR_PIN);

// Process sensor value

_delay_ms(1000); // Delay for 1 second

}

return 0;

}

```

This example reads an analog sensor connected to pin PC0 using the builtin ADC of the microcontroller.

Example 3: UART Communication

```c

include

include

define F_CPU 16000000UL // Define CPU frequency

define BAUDRATE 9600

define UBRR_VAL ((F_CPU / (BAUDRATE * 16UL)) 1)

void UART_init() {

UBRR0H = (uint8_t)(UBRR_VAL >> 8); // Set baud rate

UBRR0L = (uint8_t)UBRR_VAL;

UCSR0B = (1 << TXEN0) | (1 << RXEN0); // Enable transmitter and receiver

UCSR0C = (1 << UCSZ01) | (1 << UCSZ00); // Set frame format: 8 data bits, 1 stop bit

}

void UART_transmit(uint8_t data) {

while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << UDRE0))); // Wait for empty transmit buffer

UDR0 = data; // Put data into buffer, sends the data

}

uint8_t UART_receive() {

while (!(UCSR0A & (1 << RXC0))); // Wait for data to be received

return UDR0; // Get and return received data from buffer

}

int main(void) {

uint8_t receivedData;

UART_init();

while (1) {

receivedData = UART_receive();

// Process received data

UART_transmit(receivedData); // Echo back received data

}

return 0;

}

```

This example demonstrates UART communication for serial data transmission and reception.

Example 4: PWM Control

```c

include

include

define PWM_PIN PB1 // Define PWM pin

void PWM_init() {

TCCR1A |= (1 << COM1A1) | (1 << WGM11); // Set noninverting mode and fast PWM mode

TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12) | (1 << WGM13) | (1 << CS11); // Set prescaler to 8

OCR1A = 128; // Set initial duty cycle

DDRB |= (1 << PWM_PIN); // Set PWM pin as output

}

int main(void) {

PWM_init();

while (1) {

// Adjust duty cycle for desired brightness or motor speed

_delay_ms(1000); // Delay for 1 second

}

return 0;

}

```

This example demonstrates pulse width modulation (PWM) for controlling the brightness of an LED or speed of a motor.

These examples cover fundamental aspects of C programming for microcontrollers, including GPIO manipulation, analog input, serial communication, and PWM control. Experimenting with these examples will provide a solid foundation for further exploration in embedded systems development.

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